Thời Đại Georgia và Đế Chế Anh
The Act of Union and Hanoverian Succession
The Act of Union 1707 united the kingdoms of England and Scotland into Great Britain, merging their parliaments at Westminster. Scotland kept its own legal system, established church (the Church of Scotland, which is Presbyterian), and education system. Queen Anne was the reigning monarch — the last Stuart monarch.
When Queen Anne died in 1714 without an heir, the crown passed to George I from the German state of Hanover. George I spoke little English, so he relied on ministers — establishing that the monarch ruled through Parliament. The Georgian era is named after the four kings called George (1714–1830).
Robert Walpole is considered the first Prime Minister (1721–1742) and the first to live at 10 Downing Street, which remains the PM's official residence. Walpole helped establish the cabinet system of government.
The Act of Union 1707 united England and Scotland into Great Britain
Queen Anne was the reigning monarch during the Act of Union 1707 and the last Stuart monarch
George I became king in 1714, from the German state of Hanover
Robert Walpole is considered the first Prime Minister (1721-1742)
10 Downing Street has been the PM's official residence since Walpole
Từ vựng
A law uniting two or more countries under one parliament
The process by which the crown passes to the next monarch
The head of government in the UK
A committee of senior government ministers
The British Empire, Slave Trade, and Abolition
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the British Empire expanded enormously across North America, the Caribbean, Africa, India, and Australia. At its height, it covered approximately one-quarter of the world's surface — the largest empire in history.
British merchants played a major role in the Atlantic slave trade, a triangle trade: ships carried goods from British ports (Liverpool, Bristol) to West Africa, exchanged them for enslaved people transported to the Americas (the Middle Passage), where they worked on plantations producing sugar, tobacco, and cotton. Products were shipped back to Britain.
William Wilberforce, an MP, campaigned tirelessly to abolish the slave trade. The Slave Trade Act 1807 made trading in enslaved people illegal. The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 abolished slavery itself throughout most of the British Empire. Wilberforce died three days after learning the Act would pass.
The Act of Union 1801 united Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom.
The slave trade operated as a triangle: Britain → Africa → Americas → Britain
William Wilberforce campaigned to abolish the slave trade
Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British Empire
Slavery Abolition Act 1833 abolished slavery itself
Act of Union 1801 united Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom
Từ vựng
The act of officially ending a system or practice
The buying and selling of human beings as property
A country or area controlled by another country
A three-way trade route between three regions
A large farm where crops are grown using forced labour
Tóm tắt bài học
- Act of Union 1707 united England and Scotland into Great Britain; Queen Anne was last Stuart monarch
- Robert Walpole: first Prime Minister (1721-1742), first to live at 10 Downing Street
- British Empire covered about one-quarter of the world's surface at its height
- William Wilberforce campaigned to end the slave trade
- Slave Trade Act 1807 banned trading in enslaved people; Slavery Abolition Act 1833 abolished slavery
- Act of Union 1801 united Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom