Triều Đại Tudor
Henry VIII and the Church of England
Henry VIII reigned 1509–1547 and is famous for having six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. A popular rhyme remembers their fates: "Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived."
Henry wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon for not producing a male heir. When the Pope refused, Henry passed the Act of Supremacy (1534), declaring the monarch (not the Pope) head of the Church of England. This break with Rome began the English Reformation.
Henry ordered the dissolution of the monasteries (1536–1541). Hundreds of monasteries were closed, and their wealth and land were seized by the Crown — one of the largest property transfers in English history.
The Church of England under Henry remained largely Catholic in practice, differing from Rome mainly in rejecting the Pope's authority.
Henry VIII (reigned 1509–1547) had six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr
The Act of Supremacy (1534) made the monarch head of the Church of England, breaking with Rome
Henry VIII ordered the dissolution of the monasteries (1536–1541)
Từ vựng
The religious movement that led to the creation of Protestant churches
The 1534 law making the monarch head of the Church of England
The act of officially closing or ending an institution
To declare a marriage legally invalid
A person who inherits or is entitled to inherit a throne or estate
Elizabeth I and the Golden Age
Elizabeth I reigned 1558–1603, the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was the longest-reigning Tudor monarch (45 years), never married, and became known as the "Virgin Queen". The state of Virginia was named after her.
Elizabeth achieved a religious settlement — a middle way establishing the Church of England as a moderate Protestant church while retaining some Catholic traditions.
In 1588, the Spanish Armada — a great fleet sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England — was defeated by the smaller, more agile English fleet, helped by storms. This established England as a major naval power.
Elizabeth's reign is called the Golden Age. William Shakespeare (1564–1616), the greatest writer in English, wrote most of his plays during this period. The Globe Theatre was built in London. Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir, ending the Tudor dynasty. The crown passed to James VI of Scotland (James I of England).
Elizabeth I reigned 1558–1603, the longest-reigning Tudor monarch (45 years), known as "The Virgin Queen"
The Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588
Elizabeth's reign was a Golden Age of literature; Shakespeare wrote most of his plays during this time; she never married and died without an heir, ending the Tudor dynasty
Từ vựng
A large fleet of warships
A period of great prosperity, achievement, and cultural flourishing
A compromise arrangement resolving religious conflicts
A Christian who belongs to a non-Catholic Western church
Tóm tắt bài học
- Henry VIII (reigned 1509-1547) had six wives; Act of Supremacy 1534 made monarch head of Church of England
- Dissolution of the monasteries 1536-1541
- Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603) known as the "Virgin Queen"; longest-reigning Tudor (45 years)
- Spanish Armada defeated in 1588, establishing England as a major naval power
- Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote during Elizabeth's Golden Age
- Elizabeth died 1603 without an heir, ending the Tudor dynasty