Người Anglo-Saxon và Viking
The Anglo-Saxons
After the Romans left around AD 410, tribes from northern Europe invaded and settled in Britain. These were the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes from what is now Germany and Denmark, collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons.
The Anglo-Saxons took control of most of England (the word "England" comes from "Angle-land"). The Celtic Britons were pushed to Wales, Cornwall, and Scotland. The Anglo-Saxons established kingdoms including Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex.
The Anglo-Saxons were initially pagans but converted to Christianity after St Augustine was sent by the Pope in AD 597. St Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. The Anglo-Saxons built churches and monasteries and established traditions of learning.
The Anglo-Saxons were Angles, Saxons, and Jutes from Germany and Denmark
"England" comes from "Angle-land"
St Augustine was sent to Britain in AD 597 and became the first Archbishop of Canterbury
The main Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex
The Vikings and Alfred the Great
In the 8th and 9th centuries, Vikings from Denmark and Norway raided Britain. The first major attack was at the monastery of Lindisfarne (Holy Island) in AD 793. The Vikings gradually conquered much of eastern and northern England, an area called the Danelaw.
Alfred the Great (AD 849-899), king of Wessex, is the only English monarch called "the Great." He defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington in AD 878 and negotiated a treaty establishing the Danelaw boundary. Alfred promoted education, literacy, and translation of important works into English. He built fortified towns (burhs) to defend his kingdom.
Alfred's grandson, Athelstan, became the first king to rule all of England after defeating the Vikings at the Battle of Brunanburh in AD 937.
The first major Viking raid in Britain was at Lindisfarne in AD 793
The area under Viking control was called the Danelaw
Alfred the Great was king of Wessex, the only English monarch called "the Great"
Alfred defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington in AD 878
Athelstan, Alfred's grandson, was the first king to rule all of England (Battle of Brunanburh, AD 937)
Từ vựng
Seafaring Norse people from Scandinavia who raided and settled in Britain
The area of England under Viking law and control
The senior bishop in charge of a large area
A building where monks live and worship
Tóm tắt bài học
- Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) came from Germany and Denmark; "England" means "Angle-land"
- St Augustine sent by the Pope in AD 597; became first Archbishop of Canterbury
- First major Viking raid at Lindisfarne in AD 793; Vikings controlled the Danelaw
- Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated Vikings at Battle of Edington in AD 878
- Alfred is the only English monarch called "the Great"
- His grandson Athelstan became first king of all England after Battle of Brunanburh (AD 937)