Nước Anh Thời Sơ Khai
The Stone Age
The first people in Britain were hunter-gatherers who arrived during the Ice Age, when Britain was connected to Europe by a land bridge. As the climate warmed and ice melted, sea levels rose and Britain became an island about 10,000 years ago.
During the Stone Age, people transitioned from nomadic hunting to farming — growing crops like wheat and barley, and keeping cattle and sheep. This shift to agriculture was one of the most significant changes in British history.
Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, south-west England, was built in stages beginning around 3000 BC. Its exact purpose is uncertain — possibly a temple or astronomical observatory. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands off Scotland's north coast is one of the best-preserved groups of prehistoric houses in northern Europe.
Britain became an island about 10,000 years ago when sea levels rose after the Ice Age
The earliest Britons were hunter-gatherers who later became farmers
Stonehenge is in Wiltshire, south-west England, built around 3000 BC
Skara Brae on Orkney Islands is one of the best-preserved prehistoric settlements in northern Europe
Từ vựng
A person who lives by hunting animals and gathering wild food
A period when large parts of Earth were covered in ice
Relating to the time before written records
The Bronze Age and Iron Age
The Bronze Age (around 2500–800 BC) followed the Stone Age. People learned to make tools and weapons from bronze (a mixture of copper and tin) and began trading with other parts of Europe.
The Iron Age began around 800 BC. Iron was stronger than bronze and made better tools, ploughs, and weapons. The Iron Age people of Britain are called the Celts (pronounced "Kelts"). They spoke languages that are the origin of modern Welsh, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic.
The Celts lived in tribal groups led by chieftains. They were skilled warriors and craftspeople who built hill forts — settlements protected by earthwork defences on hilltops. Maiden Castle in Dorset is one of the largest hill forts in Europe.
The Iron Age people of Britain were called the Celts
Celtic languages are the origin of modern Welsh, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic
Maiden Castle in Dorset is one of the largest hill forts in Europe
Từ vựng
A metal alloy of copper and tin
Iron Age tribal people of Britain and Ireland
A settlement on a hilltop defended by earthworks
Tóm tắt bài học
- Britain became an island about 10,000 years ago after the Ice Age
- First inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who later became farmers
- Stonehenge built around 3000 BC in Wiltshire; UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Skara Brae on Orkney Islands: best-preserved prehistoric houses in northern Europe
- Iron Age people were the Celts, ancestors of Welsh, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic speakers
- Maiden Castle in Dorset is one of the largest hill forts in Europe